The 2015 InteractiVenn article has been cited by 2,597 works (OpenAlex, October 2026), and the full text of 1,136 open-access papers mentions the tool (Europe PMC, October 2026). This page lists a checked sample of 188 of them, sorted by field, so you can see what people really compared with Venn diagrams and how. Every entry links to the paper.
How these were chosen
We searched the full text of open-access papers for the name of the tool, sorted them into fields by keywords, and read the full text of about thirty papers per field. A paper was kept only when its authors used InteractiVenn on their own data, not when they only cited it, and every entry was checked again against the full text and against Crossref. The subfield, the sets compared and the way it was used are our short summaries of what each paper says; titles, journals and authors are as published. A listing is not an endorsement of a paper, and the sample is not complete. If you find a mistake, or want a paper added or removed, please tell us through Feedback.
Venn diagrams in cancer research
These papers on pancreatic, oral, head and neck, breast, lung, ovarian, cervical, gastric, kidney and brain tumours used Venn diagrams to find the genes or proteins that several datasets, tumour regions or time points have in common.
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Compared
- Differentially expressed genes from five pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microarray data sets (5 sets)
- How they used it
- The overlapped gene numbers among five microarray data sets were shown in Venn diagrams to define a common gene signature.
Liu et al. (2020). Bioinformatics Data Mining Repurposes the JAK2 (Janus Kinase 2) Inhibitor Fedratinib for Treating Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Reversing the KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog)-Driven Gene Signature. Journal of Personalized Medicine. DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030130 · Full text
oral cancer (proteomics)
- Compared
- Proteins identified in neoplastic islands versus tumour stroma, from the ITF and the inner tumour (2 sets)
- How they used it
- Common and exclusive proteins were drawn as a Venn diagram for neoplastic islands and for tumour stroma, to show spatially distinct protein signatures.
Carnielli et al. (2018). Combining discovery and targeted proteomics reveals a prognostic signature in oral cancer. Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05696-2 · Full text
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Compared
- Proteins detected in macrophages with PBS, at 6 h and at 24 h after HNSCC sEV exposure, and in the isolated sEVs (4 sets)
- How they used it
- A Venn diagram of detected proteins at each time point and in the isolated sEVs was used to show time-dependent proteome alterations in macrophages.
Huber et al. (2026). Plasma-Derived sEVs from HNSCC Patients Differentially Regulate NF-κB Signaling in Macrophages Depending on the HPV Status. Cancers. DOI: 10.3390/cancers18142219 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Liu et al. (2026). C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 and the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5-c-Jun N-terminal kinase-nuclear factor kappa B-matrix metalloproteinase 9 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Journal of Dental Sciences. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2025.07.3492 · Full text · 3 sets
de Lanna et al. (2022). Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma share key oncogenic signatures. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24801-6 · Full text · 3 sets
What is specific to each group
Narrowing down candidates
Granato et al. (2024). Mapping Conformational Changes in the Saliva Proteome Potentially Associated with Oral Cancer Aggressiveness. Journal of Proteome Research. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00093 · Full text · 2 sets
Xu et al. (2024). Identification and validation of Cystatin A as a novel promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-941 · Full text · 4 sets
Rose et al. (2021). Surfaceome Proteomic of Glioblastoma Revealed Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746168 · Full text · 3 sets
Across datasets and studies
Other uses
Emaldi et al. (2026). Immune checkpoint profiling of B7-H proteins predicts survival and treatment response in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research. DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.70108 · Full text · 4 sets
Kahounová et al. (2026). Circulating tumour cell-derived xenograft as a preclinical platform for metastatic breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer. DOI: 10.1038/s41416-026-03468-0 · Full text · 2 sets
Gawrylak et al. (2025). Hypoxia alters the response of ovarian cancer cells to the mitomycin C drug. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1575134 · Full text
Li et al. (2025). RCN1 Binds KIF14 and Promotes the Malignant Growth of Cervical Cancer Through the PI3K-AKT Pathway. International Journal of General Medicine. DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s531003 · Full text · 2 sets
Venn diagrams in immunology and inflammation research
Studies of COVID-19, tuberculosis, arthritis, systemic sclerosis, leishmaniasis and other immune conditions compared differentially expressed genes, proteins or pathways between groups, tissues or time points.
infectious disease: visceral leishmaniasis, sex differences in human macrophages
- Compared
- DEGs between female and male donors after L. infantum infection, at 6, 16 and 52 h post-infection (2 sets)
- How they used it
- One Venn diagram per time point (6, 16 and 52 h post-infection) shows the DEGs of female and male donors and which are shared.
Bea et al. (2025). Transcriptome profiling of L. infantum-infected human macrophages reveals sex-specific type I interferon induction. PLOS Pathogens. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013427 · Full text
systemic sclerosis (proteomic biomarkers, pathway analysis)
- Compared
- significant Enrichr KEGG pathways in SSc, dcSSc, lcSSc and lung disease related to SSc (4 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams counted the pathways common to, and unique to, each of four SSc groups compared with controls.
Chairta et al. (2023). Enrichr in silico analysis of MS-based extracted candidate proteomic biomarkers highlights pathogenic pathways in systemic sclerosis. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29054-5 · Full text
COVID-19: systems immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infected tissues
- Compared
- immune response genes in infected lung, liver, kidney and heart (4 sets)
- How they used it
- Commonly up- and downregulated genes across the four infected tissues were found by intersection in InteractiVenn.
Hammoudeh et al. (2021). Systems Immunology Analysis Reveals the Contribution of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tissues to the Immunopathogenesis of Severe COVID-19 Patients. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.595150 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Huerta-García et al. (2026). Salivary immune alteration persists after caries treatment. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-43748-6 · Full text · 3 sets
Kampmann et al. (2026). Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Signaling by Ponatinib Reduces Growth and Cytokine Production of Multiple Myeloma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27125217 · Full text · 2 sets
Hengtrakool et al. (2024). Infrapatellar fat pad adipose tissue-derived macrophages display a predominant CD11c+CD206+ phenotype and express genotypes attributable to key features of OA pathogenesis. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326953 · Full text · 4 sets
Segú-Vergés et al. (2022). Systems biology and artificial intelligence analysis highlights the pleiotropic effect of IVIg therapy in autoimmune diseases with a predominant role on B cells and complement system. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901872 · Full text · 3 sets
Mateos et al. (2020). Serum proteomics of active tuberculosis patients and contacts reveals unique processes activated during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60753-5 · Full text · 5 sets
What is specific to each group
Matuck et al. (2026). An integrated single-cell and spatial proteotranscriptomics atlas of fibroblast-driven immunoregulation within the human adult oral cavity. Cell Press Blue. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpblue.2026.100007 · Full text
Raggi et al. (2023). Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients reveals novel immunopathogenic biomarkers. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134747 · Full text · 2 sets
Narrowing down candidates
Across datasets and studies
Kurth et al. (2026). Enrichment and Proteomic Profiling of Stromal‐Associated Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations From Arthritic Synovial Fluid by Size‐Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to CD90‐Directed Immunocapture. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70353 · Full text · 3 sets
Lima et al. (2025). The Dual Immunoregulatory Role of CREB3L1 Underlying Latent and Severe Tuberculosis Clinical Manifestation. Immunology. DOI: 10.1111/imm.70081 · Full text
Over time or dose
Jordan et al. (2026). Preclinical evaluation of cysteine protease-inhibitor aloxistatin (E64d) for heart failure therapy. Journal of Molecular Medicine. DOI: 10.1007/s00109-026-02695-5 · Full text · 2 sets
Zahedi-Amiri et al. (2019). Influenza a virus-triggered autophagy decreases the pluripotency of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death & Disease. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1567-4 · Full text · 2 sets
Other uses
Río-Ropero et al. (2026). The persulfidome of alveolar epithelial cells reveals persulfidation of calprotectin as critical to preserve its antifungal activity. iScience. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117452 · Full text
Taşlı et al. (2022). Preclinical Studies on Convalescent Human Immune Plasma-Derived Exosome: Omics and Antiviral Properties to SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824378 · Full text · 3 sets
Venn diagrams in infectious disease research
Papers on pathogens of people, animals and plants, from Pseudomonas and Salmonella to SARS-CoV-2, malaria and blue mold of apple, compared genes, isolates or test results across species, conditions or diagnostic methods.
bacterial pathogenesis, common therapeutic targets
- Compared
- differentially expressed genes from the pathogenesis of four bacterial species (4 sets)
- How they used it
- InteractiVenn, with Cytoscape, was used to identify the common up- and downregulated genes from the pathogenesis of four bacterial species.
Hossain et al. (2022). Pathogen-driven gene expression patterns lead to a novel approach to the identification of common therapeutic targets. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25102-8 · Full text
malaria (P. falciparum) diagnostics in pregnancy
- Compared
- P. falciparum positivity by the index tests (hsRDT, LAMP), the reference test (qRT-PCR) and the standards of practice, by diagnostic method
- How they used it
- InteractiVenn was used to draw Venn diagrams of P. falciparum positivity across diagnostic methods, including the reference test qRT-PCR.
Vásquez et al. (2020). Evaluation of highly sensitive diagnostic tools for the detection of P. falciparum in pregnant women attending antenatal care visits in Colombia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03114-4 · Full text
apple fruit infection by Penicillium expansum (blue mold)
- Compared
- common and specific differentially expressed genes at 6, 24 and 48 h after wounding or P. expansum inoculation, in two apple genotypes
- How they used it
- InteractiVenn was used to draw Venn diagrams of common and specific differentially expressed genes at 6, 24 and 48 h after P. expansum inoculation or wounding.
Ballester et al. (2017). Transcriptomic Response of Resistant (PI613981–Malus sieversii) and Susceptible (“Royal Gala”) Genotypes of Apple to Blue Mold (Penicillium expansum) Infection. Frontiers in Plant Science. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01981 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
Where methods or tools agree
Other uses
Collado-Cuadrado et al. (2026). Endothelial proteomic response to Dirofilaria repens somatic antigens and the Dr20/22 protein reveals parasite-driven modulation of angiogenesis. Parasites & Vectors. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-026-07314-3 · Full text · 4 sets
Kumari et al. (2025). Dysbiosis of the oropharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19: distinct profiles in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Journal of Oral Microbiology. DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2025.2569523 · Full text
Ospina et al. (2025). Comparative transcriptomics of naturally susceptible and resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strains in response to Benznidazole. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2025.100623 · Full text
Freed et al. (2024). AmpC induction by imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs in the absence of OprD and impacts imipenem/relebactam susceptibility. Microbiology Spectrum. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00142-24 · Full text
Li et al. (2024). Analysis of huanglongbing-associated RNA-seq data reveals disturbances in biological processes within Citrus spp. triggered by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection. Frontiers in Plant Science. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388163 · Full text
Tanneti et al. (2024). Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in primary human nasal cultures demonstrates Delta as most cytopathic and Omicron as fastest replicating. mBio. DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03129-23 · Full text
Krajaejun et al. (2022). Secretome Profiling by Proteogenomic Analysis Shows Species-Specific, Temperature-Dependent, and Putative Virulence Proteins of Pythium insidiosum. Journal of Fungi. DOI: 10.3390/jof8050527 · Full text · 3 sets
Madeddu et al. (2022). Human Enterovirus B: Selective Inhibition by Quinoxaline Derivatives and Bioinformatic RNA-Motif Identification as New Targets. Pharmaceuticals. DOI: 10.3390/ph15020181 · Full text
Venn diagrams in neuroscience and neurodegeneration research
Studies of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, ALS, autism and brain injury compared genes or proteins across cohorts, disease subtypes, cell types or treatments.
Alzheimer's disease, plasma proteomics (African cohorts)
- Compared
- significant proteins in the VALIANT and TRIAD cohorts (Match 1) (2 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagram of significant proteins from two cohorts, with cohort-shared proteins in the overlap and cohort-specific proteins outside it.
Pola et al. (2026). Plasma proteomic profiles of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration in African cohorts. Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-74971-4 · Full text
Neuroinflammation and autism (Shank3 haploinsufficiency mice)
- Compared
- shared upregulated and downregulated DEGs among four comparisons (Sh3+/-+LPS vs Sh3+/-+PBS; WT+LPS vs WT+PBS; Sh3+/-+LPS vs WT+LPS; Sh3+/-+PBS vs WT+PBS) (4 sets)
- How they used it
- Four-set Venn diagrams of up- and down-regulated genes, showing the genes shared among the four comparisons.
Qiao et al. (2026). Inflammation increases the penetrance of behavioral impairment in Shank3 haploinsufficiency mice — can it explain the behavioral regression in Autism? Molecular Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-026-03534-2 · Full text
Amyloid plaque proteomics in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome
- Compared
- differentially abundant Aβ plaque proteins in Down syndrome, early-onset AD and late-onset AD (3 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams of differentially abundant plaque proteins, separating proteins common to all AD subtypes from those specific to each subtype.
Martá-Ariza et al. (2025). Comparison of the amyloid plaque proteome in Down syndrome, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathologica. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-025-02844-z · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Winzey et al. (2026). Experimental model of ventilator-induced lung injury induces proteomic signatures of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. DOI: 10.1186/s40635-026-00981-7 · Full text · 3 sets
Alharbi et al. (2025). Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies Shared Transcriptomic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.3390/cimb47120976 · Full text · 3 sets
Fitzgerald et al. (2021). Early life stress and LPS interact to modify the mouse cortical transcriptome in the neonatal period. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100219 · Full text · 3 sets
What is specific to each group
Gamarra et al. (2025). Vesicular Rps6 Released by Astrocytes in an Experimental Model of AD Regulates Local Translation and Enhances Synaptic Integrity in Neurones. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70216 · Full text · 2 sets
Leitner et al. (2024). Differences in the cerebral amyloid angiopathy proteome in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathologica. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02767-1 · Full text · 2 sets
Where methods or tools agree
Narrowing down candidates
Across datasets and studies
Albeshri et al. (2025). Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Relationship Between Common Respiratory Infections and Parkinson's Disease. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.3390/cimb47090727 · Full text · 5 sets
Shippy et al. (2022). Exploring the zinc-related transcriptional landscape in Alzheimer's disease. IBRO Neuroscience Reports. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.002 · Full text · 3 sets
Over time or dose
Ma et al. (2025). Dynamic Transcriptomic and Cellular Remodeling Underlie Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination and Endogenous Repair in the CNS. Antioxidants. DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060692 · Full text · 2 sets
Di Martino et al. (2024). Inflammatory, metabolic, and sex-dependent gene-regulatory dynamics of microglia and macrophages in neonatal hippocampus after hypoxia-ischemia. iScience. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109346 · Full text · 3 sets
Shadrach et al. (2021). Translatomic analysis of regenerating and degenerating spinal motor neurons in injury and ALS. iScience. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102700 · Full text · 4 sets
Other uses
Villanueva et al. (2026). Distinct and combined interferon-ɑ/β-receptor-1 loss in neurons and astrocytes disrupt brain energy metabolism and drive Parkinsonian dementia. Journal of Biomedical Science. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-026-01257-8 · Full text · 5 sets
Kangas et al. (2022). Analysis of human brain tissue derived from DBS surgery. Translational Neurodegeneration. DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00297-y · Full text · 2 sets
Kumari et al. (2022). Temporal Cortex Microarray Analysis Revealed Impaired Ribosomal Biogenesis and Hyperactivity of the Glutamatergic System: An Early Signature of Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.966877 · Full text · 3 sets
Venn diagrams for lncRNA, miRNA and epigenetics studies
Papers on long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and DNA methylation overlapped differentially expressed RNAs, their target genes or methylation changes between conditions, studies or time points.
lncRNAs in vitamin D-treated skin cells
- Compared
- Differentially expressed lncRNAs in A431 cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h or 72 h (and in normal keratinocytes at 4 h and 24 h) (2 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams compare the lncRNAs that change at two treatment times, for a carcinoma line and for normal keratinocytes.
Olszewska et al. (2025). Vitamin D Reshapes Genomic Hierarchies in Skin Cells: lncRNA-Driven Responses in Carcinoma Versus Transcription Factor-Based Regulation in Healthy Skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26146632 · Full text
exosomal miRNAs and hepatic injury (hallmark gene sets)
- Compared
- Five GSEA hallmark gene sets and the Exo-miR target gene sets
- How they used it
- Venn diagram of the exclusive and common genes among all combinations of five hallmark gene sets and the exosomal miRNA target gene sets.
Resaz et al. (2020). Circulating exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers of hepatic injury and inflammation in a murine model of glycogen storage disease type 1a. Disease Models & Mechanisms. DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043364 · Full text
diabetes-related lncRNA and miRNA signatures
- Compared
- Differentially expressed genes, TFs, lncRNAs and miRNAs from each selected study, keeping those common to several studies
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams of the DEGs from each study and their intersections; the genes shown are common to at least four of the selected studies.
Farrim et al. (2024). Gene expression analysis reveals diabetes-related gene signatures. Human Genomics. DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00582-z · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Abdelhamid et al. (2026). Kaiso Is a Novel TAZ-Interaction Partner That Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Regulates the Downstream lncRNA HIF1A-AS3. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27177847 · Full text · 3 sets
Premnath et al. (2024). Unveiling miRNA–Gene Regulatory Axes as Promising Biomarkers for Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Omega. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06551 · Full text · 2 sets
Tsamou et al. (2024). Identifying microRNAs Possibly Implicated in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179551 · Full text · 6 sets
Salamini-Montemurri et al. (2023). Identification of lncRNAs Deregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on a Gene Expression Profiling Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310798 · Full text
Santos-Álvarez et al. (2022). miRNAs Contained in Extracellular Vesicles Cargo Contribute to the Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An In Vitro Aproach. Cells. DOI: 10.3390/cells11071112 · Full text · 3 sets
What is specific to each group
Kopcho et al. (2023). SIV Infection Regulates Compartmentalization of Circulating Blood Plasma miRNAs within Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Extracellular Condensates (ECs) and Decreases EV-Associated miRNA-128. Viruses. DOI: 10.3390/v15030622 · Full text · 2 sets
Hernaiz et al. (2022). Epigenetic Changes in Prion and Prion-like Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Advances, Potential as Biomarkers, and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012609 · Full text · 4 sets
Narrowing down candidates
Shen et al. (2024). Hypermethylation of the Gene Body in SRCIN1 Is Involved in Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Is a Potential Blood-Based Biomarker for Early Detection and a Poor Prognosis. Biomolecules. DOI: 10.3390/biom14050571 · Full text
Lin et al. (2022). Hypermethylation of TMEM240 predicts poor hormone therapy response and disease progression in breast cancer. Molecular Medicine. DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00474-9 · Full text
Across datasets and studies
Chaudhary et al. (2026). Akkermansia muciniphila–Driven ceRNA Networks Regulate Immune Modulation and Breast Cancer Progression. The Breast Journal. DOI: 10.1155/tbj/1416629 · Full text
King et al. (2025). Prenatal maternal stress in rats alters the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape of the maternal-fetal interface across four generations. Communications Biology. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07444-3 · Full text
Safarzadeh et al. (2025). Machine learning and WGCNA reveal the PVT1/miR-143-3p/CDK1 ceRNA axis as a key regulator in NSCLC. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102292 · Full text · 2 sets
Hehlgans et al. (2024). Irradiation alters extracellular vesicle microRNA load in the serum of patients with leukaemia. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie. DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02307-6 · Full text · 3 sets
Chen et al. (2023). MicroRNA-375 Is Induced during Astrocyte-to-Neuron Reprogramming and Promotes Survival of Reprogrammed Neurons when Overexpressed. Cells. DOI: 10.3390/cells12172202 · Full text
Venn diagrams in proteomics and metabolomics
Proteomics, glycoproteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics studies compared the proteins, sites or features found in different fractions, sexes, tissues or methods.
glycoproteomics (O-GalNAc glycosylation in mouse tissues)
- Compared
- Experimentally identified O-glycosites and netOGlyc4.0 predicted O-glycosites, on 595 identified glycoproteins
- How they used it
- Venn diagram of the overlap between experimentally identified O-glycosites and those predicted by netOGlyc4.0.
Yang et al. (2023). Quantitative mapping of the in vivo O-GalNAc glycoproteome in mouse tissues identifies GalNAc-T2 O-glycosites in metabolic disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303703120 · Full text
nuclear matrix proteomics (protein extraction fractions)
- Compared
- Proteins of six extraction fractions: 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, 8M and P (6 sets)
- How they used it
- 6-way Venn diagram of proteins across the six fractions; 132 proteins are common to all fractions.
Bihani et al. (2023). Biochemical Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Nuclear Matrix Reveals the Layers of Nuclear Organization. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100671 · Full text
cardiomyopathy proteomics, sex differences (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
- Compared
- Significantly lower or higher expressed proteins of HCM females and HCM males, each compared with NFIVS
- How they used it
- Venn diagram used to find proteins unique to females or males, or shared by both groups; the unique proteins were then analysed for functional protein clusters.
Schuldt et al. (2021). Sex-Related Differences in Protein Expression in Sarcomere Mutation-Positive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.612215 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Deng et al. (2026). Non-invasive liquid biopsy based on metabolomic profiling improves diagnosis and early warning of severe acute pancreatitis. npj Digital Medicine. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-025-02294-7 · Full text · 3 sets
Sauer et al. (2022). Protein Expression of AEBP1, MCM4, and FABP4 Differentiate Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052568 · Full text · 3 sets
Carreras-Planella et al. (2017). Characterization and proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from peritoneal dialysis efflux. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176987 · Full text
What is specific to each group
Narrowing down candidates
Across datasets and studies
Steuer et al. (2020). Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans. Metabolites. DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080306 · Full text · 3 sets
Other uses
Gaither et al. (2025). Effects of Chronic Alcohol Intake on the Composition of the Ensemble of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in the Human Liver. Journal of Xenobiotics. DOI: 10.3390/jox15010020 · Full text
Abou-Kandil et al. (2024). The proteomic response of Aspergillus fumigatus to amphotericin B (AmB) reveals the involvement of the RTA-like protein RtaA in AmB resistance. microLife. DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqae024 · Full text
Buche et al. (2021). Oak Species Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl. Identification Based on UHPLC-HRMS/MS Molecular Networks. Metabolites. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100684 · Full text
Wieder et al. (2021). Pathway analysis in metabolomics: Recommendations for the use of over-representation analysis. PLOS Computational Biology. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009105 · Full text · 4 sets
Venn diagrams in network pharmacology
Network pharmacology papers intersected drug or compound targets with disease genes, or the differentially expressed genes of several datasets, to find the shared targets used for the next network analysis.
breast cancer, network pharmacology
- Compared
- Chrysin-related targets (433) and breast cancer-related genes (1,350) (2 sets)
- How they used it
- The overlap of 433 Chrysin-related targets and 1,350 breast cancer genes gave 140 shared targets, which were used for the PPI network.
Ma et al. (2025). Network pharmacology unveils the intricate molecular landscape of Chrysin in breast cancer therapeutics. Discover Oncology. DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-01951-3 · Full text
tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
- Compared
- DEGs from GSE67916 and GSE85871 (tamoxifen-resistant cells and honokiol-treated cells) (2 sets)
- How they used it
- A Venn diagram of DEGs from two datasets gave 72 overlapping DEGs.
Hermawan et al. (2022). Identification of potential target genes of honokiol in overcoming breast cancer resistance to tamoxifen. Frontiers in Oncology. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019025 · Full text
Sasang constitution, network pharmacology
- Compared
- targets related to the four Sasang constitutional types (SE, SY, TE, TY) (4 sets)
- How they used it
- A Venn diagram of targets for the four Sasang constitutional types shows targets shared between or unique to each type.
Lee et al. (2021). Investigating the Biomarkers of the Sasang Constitution via Network Pharmacology Approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665130 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Hossain et al. (2026). Mapping the Polar Neuro-Interactome of Garcinia mangostana Against the AD-PD-ALS Nexus. Life. DOI: 10.3390/life16040580 · Full text · 3 sets
Nazeer et al. (2026). Integrated Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Uncover Multi-Target Actions of Cladophora glomerata-Derived Compounds Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27041619 · Full text · 2 sets
Islam et al. (2025). In silico approaches unveil the mechanism of action of Eclipta prostrata against acute myeloid leukemia. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-18547-0 · Full text · 2 sets
Li et al. (2025). Exploring the Mechanisms of Lijin Fang on Treg/Th17 Cell Imbalance in COPD Based on Network Pharmacology. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S512469 · Full text · 3 sets
Zhang et al. (2025). Integrated Gut Microbiota, Metabolomics, and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Anti-Alzheimer's Mechanism of Tripterygium Glycoside. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S537129 · Full text · 2 sets
Shamsol Azman et al. (2023). Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Active Compounds in Tualang Honey against Atherosclerosis. Foods. DOI: 10.3390/foods12091779 · Full text · 2 sets
Xie et al. (2023). Network pharmacology‒based analysis of marine cyanobacteria derived bioactive compounds for application to Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249632 · Full text · 2 sets
Where methods or tools agree
Narrowing down candidates
Sumague et al. (2026). In Silico and Molecular Docking Analysis of Benzyl Isothiocyanate from Salvadora persica as a Predicted Multi-Target Candidate for COVID-19 Host Responses. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.3390/cimb48080849 · Full text · 2 sets
Subramanian et al. (2024). Establishing network pharmacology between natural polyphenols and Alzheimer's disease using bioinformatic tools - An advancement in Alzheimer's research. Toxicology Reports. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101715 · Full text · 2 sets
Across datasets and studies
Chaudhary et al. (2026). Integrative bioinformatics and molecular simulations identify HMGB3 as a key immune modulator in triple negative breast cancer. Discover Oncology. DOI: 10.1007/s12672-026-05032-x · Full text
Chaudhary et al. (2026). Transcriptomics-driven identification of CDK1 as a central oncogenic driver in TNBC: an in silico structural modeling and MD simulation approach. Frontiers in Bioinformatics. DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2026.1766384 · Full text · 4 sets
Wu et al. (2022). Identification of a Novel Theranostic Signature of Metabolic and Immune-Inflammatory Dysregulation in Myocardial Infarction, and the Potential Therapeutic Properties of Ovatodiolide, a Diterpenoid Derivative. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031281 · Full text · 6 sets
Venn diagrams in clinical genomics and bioinformatics methods
Papers in clinical and population genomics, and papers that compare prediction tools or feature-selection methods, used Venn diagrams to show which genes, sites or biomarker candidates agree across groups, species or methods.
bone biology, RNA polymerase III transcription (mouse)
- Compared
- gene changes in four comparisons: MAF1OE, shMAF1, shBrf1 and ML-60218, at day 0 and day 4 (4 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams showed the overlap in gene changes (increased or decreased) on day 0 and day 4, and genes changed in all groups are denoted.
Phillips et al. (2022). MAF1, a repressor of RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription, regulates bone mass. eLife. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.74740 · Full text
CRISPR gene editing, off-target prediction
- Compared
- potential off-target sites returned by each of five predictors (5 sets)
- How they used it
- A Venn diagram showed the potential off-target sites returned by each of the five predictors; all predictors detected the wild-type target sequence as an off-target site.
Carneiro et al. (2022). In silico analysis of potential off-target sites to gene editing for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I using the CRISPR/Cas9 system: Implications for population-specific treatments. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262299 · Full text
colorectal cancer, diagnostic signatures
- Compared
- biomarker candidates selected by three variable selection methods (3 sets)
- How they used it
- The Venn diagram demonstrates the relationships of selected biomarker candidates among three methods.
Long et al. (2019). High-Throughput Omics and Statistical Learning Integration for the Discovery and Validation of Novel Diagnostic Signatures in Colorectal Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020296 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What is specific to each group
Simon et al. (2024). Potential compensatory mechanisms preserving cardiac function in myotubular myopathy. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05512-9 · Full text
Burman et al. (2020). Gene X environment: the cellular environment governs the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals. Human Genomics. DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00269-1 · Full text · 6 sets
Gong et al. (2018). Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6635 · Full text · 2 sets
Where methods or tools agree
Narrowing down candidates
Across datasets and studies
Alruwetei et al. (2026). Multi-Compartment Transcriptomics Identifies a Persistent Inflammatory Program and a Network-Derived Diagnostic Signature in Polycythemia Vera. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27104580 · Full text
Nelson et al. (2026). Spaceflight-guided pharmacogenomics: a foundational analysis of pharmaceuticals and their responsive gene targets in the space environment. Frontiers in Physiology. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1879838 · Full text · 3 sets
Hirata et al. (2020). Circulating RNA Transcriptome of Pregnant Women with TSH Just Above the Trimester-Specific Reference and its Correlation with the Hypertensive Phenotype. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63040-5 · Full text
Other uses
Arora et al. (2025). Understanding and mitigating the impact of ambient mRNA contamination in single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. PLOS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332440 · Full text
dos Anjos Ribeiro et al. (2025). Association between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in the Brazilian population, a cross-sectional analysis. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-30008-2 · Full text · 5 sets
Cotes et al. (2021). A survey of personnel and services offered in 32 outpatient US clozapine clinics. BMC Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03584-6 · Full text · 5 sets
Perrier et al. (2017). Great tits and the city: Distribution of genomic diversity and gene–environment associations along an urbanization gradient. Evolutionary Applications. DOI: 10.1111/eva.12580 · Full text
Hočevar et al. (2016). IgA vasculitis in adults: the performance of the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES classification criteria in adults. Arthritis Research & Therapy. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0959-4 · Full text
Venn diagrams in plant science
Plant studies compared genes, proteins and metabolites across stress treatments, time points, tissues and species, from barley and Arabidopsis to sorghum, tomato and woody perennials.
barley crown root formation (auxin time course, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq)
- Compared
- up- and down-regulated genes in barley stem base at 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 24 h after auxin treatment; differentially accessible regions at the same time points (4 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams of up- and down-regulated genes across four time points after auxin treatment, and of differentially accessible regions over the same times.
Kořínková et al. (2025). Temporal regulation of gene expression during auxin-triggered crown root formation in barley: an integrated approach. Plant and Cell Physiology. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaf077 · Full text
Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera) genome, Fagales
- Compared
- protein-coding genes of six woody perennial species in Fagales (P. stenoptera, J. regia, C. paliurus, Q. robur, C. mollissima, M. rubra) (6 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn of protein-coding genes shared among six Fagales species; the 520 genes unique to P. stenoptera were then run through KEGG enrichment.
Geng et al. (2024). Genome Assembly and Winged Fruit Gene Regulation of Chinese Wingnut: Insights from Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics. DOI: 10.1093/gpbjnl/qzae087 · Full text
root cadmium stress (A. thaliana and A. halleri, WGCNA)
- Compared
- genes expressed in A. thaliana roots in five datasets (set1 to set5) plus genes annotated with root GO terms in TAIR; hub genes vs DEGs (6 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn of root-active genes from five expression datasets and the TAIR root annotation, and a Venn of WGCNA hub genes overlapping the DEGs.
Sferra et al. (2023). Key Pathways and Genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis halleri Roots under Cadmium Stress Responses: Differences and Similarities. Plants. DOI: 10.3390/plants12091793 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Khabbazi et al. (2026). Comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast genome in Cannabis sativa L. reveals variations in simple sequence repeats among cultivars. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-28205-0 · Full text · 6 sets
Yerka et al. (2026). A High-Quality Genome Assembly of Johnsongrass Illuminates Relationships Between Polyploidization, Crop-Wild Hybridization, and Reproductive Biology. Genome Biology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evag230 · Full text · 3 sets
What is specific to each group
Karpinska et al. (2025). Elevated atmospheric CO2-induced reprogramming leads to decreased seed protein and nutritional quality in forest trees. Plant Physiology. DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaf463 · Full text · 2 sets
Rai et al. (2025). CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletions of FvMYB46 in Fragaria vesca reveal its role in regulation of fruit set and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biology. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-06041-0 · Full text · 2 sets
Razgonova et al. (2024). Genus Ribes: Ribes aureum, Ribes pauciflorum, Ribes triste, and Ribes dikuscha—Comparative Mass Spectrometric Study of Polyphenolic Composition and Other Bioactive Constituents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810085 · Full text
Sng et al. (2024). Genome-wide identification of cannabinoid biosynthesis genes in non-drug type Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar. Journal of Cannabis Research. DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00246-8 · Full text
Souza et al. (2024). Generic and Specific Models for Volume Estimation in Forest and Savanna Phytophysiognomies in Brazilian Cerrado. Plants. DOI: 10.3390/plants13192769 · Full text · 4 sets
Narrowing down candidates
Kim et al. (2026). The C2H2-type zinc finger protein SlHair5 acts as a regulatory node coordinating trichome development and leaf morphogenesis in tomato. Plant Cell Reports. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-026-03765-1 · Full text · 2 sets
Choi et al. (2024). Organ-specific transcriptional regulation by HFR1 and HY5 in response to shade in Arabidopsis. Frontiers in Plant Science. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430639 · Full text · 3 sets
Across datasets and studies
Suresh et al. (2026). Comparative transcriptomic analysis identifies conserved abiotic stress-responsive hub genes in Sorghum bicolor. BMC Plant Biology. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-09369-x · Full text · 2 sets
Soorni et al. (2025). Developing resistance to Fusarium wilt in chickpea: From identifying meta-QTLs to molecular breeding. The Plant Genome. DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.70004 · Full text · 2 sets
Olanrewaju et al. (2023). Functional Meta-Analysis of the Proteomic Responses of Arabidopsis Seedlings to the Spaceflight Environment Reveals Multi-Dimensional Sources of Variability across Spaceflight Experiments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914425 · Full text · 2 sets
Venn diagrams in animal science and food science
Studies of livestock, insects, fish, laboratory animals and foods compared proteins, genes or peptides across tissues, diets, species and datasets.
porcine tissue decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) inks
- Compared
- shared matrisome proteins of six porcine tissues (artery, breast, dermis, epidermis, muscle, nerve) (6 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagram of the proteins shared among six porcine tissues, used to show which matrisome proteins the tissues have in common (figure caption).
Irastorza et al. (2026). Comparative proteomic analysis of the composition of dECM and dECM-based inks compared to native tissues. iScience. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117260 · Full text
forensic entomology (blowfly maggot age estimation)
- Compared
- differentially expressed genes (feeding vs wandering) from Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya rufifacies and Phormia regina studies (3 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagram comparing the gene expression changes between feeding and wandering third instar maggots across three blowfly datasets (figure caption).
Lin et al. (2025). Unraveling forensic timelines using molecular markers in Phormia regina maggots. PLOS Genetics. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011948 · Full text
FGF21 biomarker for locomotion and olfaction detection ability (species not stated in quoted text)
- Compared
- features selected by three feature-selection algorithms (Chi2, RFE, RIDGE) (3 sets)
- How they used it
- Venn diagram comparing the features chosen by three feature-selection algorithms; it shows which features the methods agree on (figure caption).
Power Guerra et al. (2021). Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Potential Biomarker for Improved Locomotion and Olfaction Detection Ability after Weight Reduction in Obese Mice. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13092916 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What is specific to each group
Abalde et al. (2021). A Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach Reveals the Differences in the Predatory and Defensive Venoms of the Molluscivorous Cone Snail Cylinder ammiralis (Caenogastropoda: Conidae). Toxins. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090642 · Full text · 3 sets
Walter et al. (2020). The bovine cumulus proteome is influenced by maturation condition and maturational competence of the oocyte. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66822-z · Full text · 3 sets
Narrowing down candidates
Across datasets and studies
Deem et al. (2026). New annotations for three pea aphid genome assemblies allow comparative analyses of duplication and gene family evolution. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkag136 · Full text
Venn diagrams in microbiome and environmental studies
Microbiome and environmental papers used Venn diagrams of shared and unique ASVs, taxa or genes between groups, sites and habitats, from the human gut to caves, sediments and coral reefs.
gut microbiome, type 2 diabetes
- Compared
- Study groups (ASVs unique and shared among groups)
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams showing unique and shared ASVs among groups, shown as counts and as proportions, beside alpha- and beta-diversity panels.
Kumar et al. (2026). Gut microbiome disparities reflect type 2 diabetes progression and medication status. iScience. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115156 · Full text
marine plastisphere, 16S and 18S rRNA
- Compared
- ASVs by region and plastic category, for the 16S and the 18S datasets
- How they used it
- Venn diagrams of shared and unique ASVs, made separately for the 16S and the 18S rRNA datasets.
Lacerda et al. (2025). Oceanic regions shape the composition of the Antarctic plastisphere. Communications Earth & Environment. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-025-02445-4 · Full text
metaproteomics software tools
- Compared
- Results of metaproteomics software tools (overlap among more than two tools) (6 sets)
- How they used it
- A six-set Venn diagram used to examine the overlap among more than two metaproteomics tools.
Sajulga et al. (2020). Survey of metaproteomics software tools for functional microbiome analysis. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241503 · Full text
Others who used it in a similar way
What all groups share
Ismaeil et al. (2026). Predictive functional profiling of 16S rRNA genes amplicons reveals bioremediation and sulfur metabolism capacity in thermophilic hot spring bacteriomes. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-50048-6 · Full text · 3 sets
Lopes et al. (2025). Microbiome and Resistome in Poultry Litter-Fertilized and Unfertilized Agricultural Soils. Antibiotics. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14040355 · Full text · 4 sets
Gupta et al. (2022). Comparative analysis of microbial communities from different full-scale haloalkaline biodesulfurization systems. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11771-y · Full text
Leite et al. (2018). Coral Bacterial-Core Abundance and Network Complexity as Proxies for Anthropogenic Pollution. Frontiers in Microbiology. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00833 · Full text
What is specific to each group
Kriti et al. (2026). Ecological associations between ambient air pollution, gut microbiome composition, and metabolic markers in urban populations of central India. Frontiers in Public Health. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1834285 · Full text · 3 sets
Soliman et al. (2025). Unveiling organohalide respiration potential in River Nile sediments via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of endogenous bacterial communities. BMC Microbiology. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-03864-1 · Full text · 2 sets
Teira et al. (2025). Contrasting diversity and temporal patterns in leaf and root microbiome of two nearby temperate Zostera marina meadows. Environmental Microbiome. DOI: 10.1186/s40793-025-00760-z · Full text · 4 sets
Bogdan et al. (2023). Diversity, distribution and organic substrates preferences of microbial communities of a low anthropic activity cave in North-Western Romania. Frontiers in Microbiology. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.962452 · Full text
Where methods or tools agree
Narrowing down candidates
Sources: OpenAlex, October 2026 (works citing the 2015 article); Europe PMC full-text search of open-access papers, 17 October 2026; Crossref for titles and journals.
To see what the tool can do, read What you can do with InteractiVenn. If it helped your work, please cite the 2015 article.